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| | Method or sample used | > 14 week | 14–19 week | 20–23 week | 24–30 week | 31–34 week | 35–37 week | 38 week | 39 week | 40 week | Birth | 28 days after birth |
|---|
| Maternala,b |
| Past medical, reproductive and obstetrics history |
| Weight | Calibrated scale | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | | |
| Height | Stadiometer | a | | | | | | | | | | |
| Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) | Calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | | |
| Fundal height | Measuring tape | | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | | |
| Fetal heart rate | | | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | | |
| Fetal ultrasound | | a | | | a | | a | | | | | |
| FPG | Venous sample | a | | | | | | | | | | |
| OGTT-75 g or GCT following OGTT-100 g | Venous sample | | | | a | | | | | | | |
| Quality of life | Questionnaire | | a | a | a | a | | a | | | | |
| Drug adherence | Questionnaire | | a | a | a | a | | a | | | | |
| GDM treatment satisfaction | Questionnaire | | a | a | a | a | | a | | | | |
| Cost-effectiveness | Questionnaire | | a | a | a | a | | a | | | a | |
| Feto-maternal outcomesc | | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Neonatala,b |
| C-peptide | Cord sample | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Weight | Calibrated baby scale | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Recumbent length | Infantometer | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Head circumference | Measuring tape | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Blood glucosee | Heel-stick sample | | | | | | | | | | a | |
| Neonatal outcomesd | | | | | | | | | | | a | a |
- aData collected from routine and expert scans that occur during the time points
- bIf GDM or other complication were diagnosed, subsequent additional visits, measurements and standard treatment were performed
- cFeto-maternal outcomes continuously recoded include abortion, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, preterm birth, instrumental delivery, primary cesarean section, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, premature rupture of membrane, placenta Previa, placenta abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, wound and incision infection
- dNeonatal outcomes include shoulder dystocia, intrauterine growth restriction, macrosomia, Apgar score, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal hypocalcemia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, polycythemia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal care unit admission, Respiratory distress syndrome, congenital anomaly, neonatal asphyxia, intrauterine fetal death, perinatal death, Erb–Duchenne palsy, birth trauma, neonatal sepsis
- eMeasured for high risk groups