Table 3 Studies of melatonin effects on CNS-related complications of diabetes
From: Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications
| Type of study | Route of administration | Treatment duration | Target | Effect(s) | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo dose (animal) | In vitro concentration (cell type) | |||||
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 2 weeks | Total antioxidant status, GSH, GPx, lipid peroxidation, IL-1β and IL-4 | Antioxidant effects | [128] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 7 days | NCAM GFAP | Prevented cognitive impairments Antioxidant effects | [125] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (Male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 7 weeks | GSH, lipid peroxidation, | Improved memory and learning performance | [124] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 6 weeks | GFAP S100B MDA GSH | Reduced glial reactivity in the cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus Antioxidant effects | [126] |
| 1 mg/kg/day (Male albino rattus norvegicus rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 4 weeks | GSH, SOD, CAT, lipid peroxidation | Anti-apoptotic effects Antioxidant effects | [127] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 2 weeks | NOS | Anti-apoptotic effects Antioxidant effects | [104] |
| 3, 10 mg/kg/day (male Sprague–Dawley rats) | – | Oral | 2 weeks | GABA-glutamate homeostasisOxidative stress-PARP pathway | Improved neurochemical and neurobehavioral changes | [130] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 4 weeks | S100B and GSH, and enhancement of AGE, lipid peroxidation | Ameliorated anxiety and depressive like-behaviors | [69] |
| 10 mg/kg/day (male Wistar rats) | – | Intraperitoneal | 4 weeks | GST, CAT, GPx, lipid peroxidation | Decreased anxiety and depression signs, and HbA1c levels | [139] |