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With incident type 2 diabetes (n = 44)
Without incident type 2 diabetes (n = 2754)
P -value
Total (n = 2798)
Continuous variables
Age (years)
15.2 ± 2.6
14.5 ± 2.8
0.110
14.5 ± 2.8
Body mass index (kg /m2 )
22.2 ± 4.7
20.5 ± 4.2
0.005
20.5 ± 4.2
WC (cm)
74.6 ± 10.6
70.3 ± 10.8
0.009
70.3 ± 10.8
SBP (mmHg)
105.8 ± 14.0
105.0 ± 11.7
0.649
105.0 ± 11.8
DBP (mmHg)
72.6 ± 9.6
70.8 ± 9.4
0.200
70.8 ± 9.4
HDL-C (mg/dl)
42.8 ± 10.2
42.9 ± 10.1
0.950
42.9 ± 10.1
TGs (mg⁄dl)
117 (86–152)
95 (71–131)
0.015
96 (71–132)
FPG (mg⁄dl)
89.6 ± 9.0
88.0 ± 7.8
0.194
88.0 ± 7.8
Categorical variables
Female (%)
81.8
53.8
< 0.001
54.3
High WC (%)
31.8
16.3
0.006
16.5
High BP (%)
22.7
16.3
0.254
16.4
Low HDL-C (%)
52.3
46.2
0.422
46.3
High TGs (%)
50.0
36.6
0.067
36.8
High FPG (%)
9.1
7.1
0.607
7.1
Metabolic syndrome (%)
29.5
11.9
< 0.001
12.1
Data are given as the mean ± SD or median (IQ 25–75) unless otherwise indicated
Metabolic syndrome was defined as 3 or more of the following: TGs ≥ 110 mg/dl; HDL-C < 40 mg/dl; FPG ≥ 100 mg/dl; WC ≥ 90th percentile for age and sex, according to national reference curves [16 ]; and SBP and/or DBP ≥ 90th percentile for sex, age, and height, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s recommended cut-off points [17 ]
WC waist circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs triglycerides, FPG fasting plasma glucose
