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Diagnostic test at 4–12 weeks PP
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Test characteristics (%)
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Sensitivity (%)
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Specificity (%)
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PPV (%)
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NPV (%)
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At the 4–12 weeks postpartum (n = 967)
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Glucose tolerance defined by 75-g oGTTa
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Fasting glucose (mmol/l)
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72.6
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100
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100
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94.3
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HbA1c (%)
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41.1
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84.8
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37.5
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86.6
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2 hr glucose (mmol/l)
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50.0
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100
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100
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90.1
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Fasting glucose and HbA1c
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82.4
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84.8
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54.7
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95.6
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oGTT and HbA1c
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100
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84.8
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59.5
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100
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Diagnostic test at 1-year PP
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Test characteristics (%)
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|---|
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Sensitivity (%)
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Specificity (%)
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PPV (%)
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NPV (%)
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|---|
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At 1-year postpartum (n = 324)
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Glucose tolerance defined by FPG and HbA1cb
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Fasting glucose (mmol/l)
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86.2
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100
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100
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91.4
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HbA1c (%)
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39.2
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100
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100
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71.1
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Fasting glucose and HbA1c
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100
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100
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100
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100
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Diagnostic test at 3-year PP
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Test characteristics (%)
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|---|
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Sensitivity (%)
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Specificity (%)
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PPV (%)
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NPV (%)
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|---|
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Glucose tolerance defined by FPG and HbA1cb
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At 3-year postpartum (n = 69)
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Fasting glucose (mmol/l)
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92.6
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100
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100
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95.3
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HbA1c (%)
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26.9
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100
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100
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68.9
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Fasting glucose and HbA1c
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100
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100
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100
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100
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- PPV positive predictive value, NPV negative predictive value, PP postpartum, FPG fasting glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
- aoGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) was the gold standard of pathological glucose tolerance at 4–12 weeks postpartum. Normal glucose tolerance, defined as FPG < 5.6 mmol/l or 2 hr glucose < 7.8 mmol/l; Pathological defined as FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/l or 2 hr glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/l
- bFPG and HbA1c was the gold standard of pathological glucose tolerance at 1-year or 3-year postpartum. Normal glucose tolerance defined as FPG < 5.6 mmol/l or HbA1c < 5.7%; Pathological glucose intolerance defined as FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Pathological glucose intolerance includes few women with diabetes and this concerns 22 women with diabetes at 4–12 weeks postpartum, 10 women at 1-year and 1 woman at 3-year postpartum. Due to the low number of women who had diabetes, we grouped them into pathological glucose intolerance and therefore did not use the term prediabetes
